Go, also known as Golang, is a statically typed, compiled programming language designed for efficiency and concurrency. Coursera's Go programming language catalogue teaches you about the versatile and robust language created by Google. You'll learn everything from the basic syntax and data types of Go, to more advanced features such as Goroutines and Channels for concurrent programming. You'll also gain insights into Go's interfaces, packages, and testing framework. This skill will empower you to tackle large-scale networked systems, cloud-native applications, and performance-critical software with efficiency and ease.